Women’s Rights Under Personal Laws in India: A Socio-Legal Study in Gwalior

Abstract

Women’s rights under personal laws in India remain a contested issue, particularly in the context of Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Parsi laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and maintenance. While constitutional guarantees ensure equality, the practical application of personal laws often reinforces gender-based discrimination. This paper examines the awareness, accessibility, and socio-legal constraints faced by women in Gwalior in exercising their rights under personal laws. Utilizing empirical data from interviews, surveys, and case studies, the research explores issues such as property disputes, unilateral divorce, and child custody battles. The study highlights the gap between legal provisions and their implementation, offering recommendations for improving women’s access to justice.